tes tes
10 tahun yang lalu
Fight against to feel lazyly , finally finish posting of english for semester 2 . Needing storm & stress to fight against to feel slack me .
Invitation .
To invite some 1
I would like you to . . .
We would be pleased if you could . . .
Would you like to . . . ?
Shall we . . . ?
How about . . . ?
To accept an invitation
Thank you . Yes , I would like to . . .
Yes , I would . Thanks .
That would be very nice . Thank you .
All right !
O . K . !
To refuse / decline an invitation
I would love to , but . . .
That ’ s nice / great . Unfortunately / However . . .
That ’ s very kind of you , but . . .
Sorry , that wouldn ’ t be possible . Thanks anyway .
Narrative Text
Snow Maiden
Once upon a time there lived a couple in a village . They had got married for a long time , but so far they did not have a baby yet . Every single minute they prayed to God , begged for a baby , but it never came true .
1 day , they went to snow mountain . They made a girl from snow & they dressed her beautifully . When it got dark , they decided to go home & left the snow girl alone . The following morning , some 1 knocked the door . " Any body home ? ” she said . The old woman inside opened the door & asked , " Who are you ? " The girl said " I ' m Snow Maiden , your daughter " . The old woman was surprised & happy , " Oh , really ? Thanks God ! Come in , please ! " Since that meeting , they lived happily .
Snow Maiden was beautiful , kind , diligent & helpful . Her parents & all of her friends loved her very much . 1 day , Snow Maiden played with her friends . They played fire . At first , Snow Maiden just looked at their play . Suddenly , her friends asked her to jump on the fire . Of course she refused it because 1 thing that made her afraid was the fire . It ' s because Snow Maiden was made of snow , so she should avoid the fire . But her friends kept on forcing her to jump on . Finally , she could not do anything then she did it . She jumped on the fire & she melted . Her friends were so sorry about this , they cried & cried hoping Snow Maiden could live again , but it was useless . Snow Maiden would not be back anymore . Her mother tried to entertain Snow Maiden ' s friends & asked them to make a new Snow Maiden . They went to a snow mountain & started making it . They expected to have the new Snow Maiden . Days passed but their dreams never came true .
Poor them !
Narrative Text
Narrative text is a text which contains about story ( fiction / non fiction / tales / folktales / fables / myths / epic ) & in its plot consists of climax of the story ( complication ) then followed by the resolution .
Generic Structures :
Orientation - Complication - Evaluation ( optional ) – Resolution
Orientation :
It is about WHO , WHEN , & WHERE the story happened .
Evaluation :
It is usually used to make the story more interesting .
Complication :
It is about the conflict / the big problem of the story .
Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story ( it is possible to make more than 1 conflict in a complication ) , & it is the climax of the story ( the big problem in the story ) . A story can have more than 1 complication .
Resolution :
It is the solution of the problem . It can be a happy / sad ending . In Resolution , the solution / the way out of the conflict / the big problem must be written .
Coda :
It is the change of 1 of the character / 2 , / the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life .
Asking For Information
Asking for Information
There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English . Here are some of the most common :
Could you tell me . . . ?
Do you know . . . ?
Do you happen to know . . . ?
I ' d like to know . . .
Could you find out . . . ?
I ' m interested in . . .
I ' m looking for . .
Do you know . . . ?
Do you happen to know . . . ?
I ' d like to know . . .
Could you find out . . . ?
I ' m interested in . . .
I ' m looking for . .
These 2 forms are used for asking for information on the telephone :
I ' m calling to find out . . .
I ' m calling about . . .
I ' m calling about . . .
Asking If Someone Remembers / Not
Practice The Expressions
Formal Expressions
I wonder if you remember . . .
You remember . . . , don ’ t you ?
You haven ’ t forgotten . . . , have you ?
Don ’ t you remember . . . ?
Do you happen to remember it now ?
Ways To Respond
Let me think , yes , I remember .
I remember especially the scenery .
I ’ ll never forget that .
I ’ ll always remember .
I can remember it clearly
Informal Expressions
Remember the old house we used to live in ?
Remember that ?
I ’ m sorry , I don ’ t remember .
Ways To Respond
Hold on . Yes , got it !
I know . . .
It ’ s coming back to me now .
Response If You Forget
Sorry , I ’ ve completely forgotten .
I ’ m afraid I forget .
I really can ’ t remember .
I ’ m afraid I have no memory of him .
Err , let me think . No , it ’ s gone .
Sorry , it slipped off my mind .
Example :
It was Sunday morning , Bella got dressed & had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school . Her mother was a little puzzled .
Mother : Hey . . . hey . . . are you going to school ?
Bella : Yes , Mom . I overslept . I ’ m in a hurry .
Mother : You remember Sunday , don ’ t you ?
Bella : Oh , my goodness . I thought it ’ s a school day !
Bella : Yes , Mom . I overslept . I ’ m in a hurry .
Mother : You remember Sunday , don ’ t you ?
Bella : Oh , my goodness . I thought it ’ s a school day !
Modals in the past form
Modals | |
Present | Past |
Can | Could |
Will | Would |
Shall | Should |
May | Might |
1 . Could + Verb base
To offer suggestions / possibilities
Example :
Patrick : Oh , no ! I left my shorts .
Spongebob : Don ’ t worry , Patrick . You could borrow my shorts .
Asmi : I ’ m having trouble with English .
Randah : Why don ’ t you ask Agnes ? Perhaps she could help you .
To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn ’ t exist now .
Example :
Tasya : Ras , can you climb the durian tree ?
Rasya : Well … I could climb durian tree when I was so young . But I think I ’ m too heavy to climb it .
Mia : Grandpa , what could you do when you were younger ?
Grandpa : When I was younger , I could swim across the big river very well & faster .
To express polite requests
Example :
Could I borrow your pencil ( please ) ?
Could you lend me your jacket now ?
Could you please close the door ?
Could you pass the salt ?
2 . Would + Verb base
For an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example :
When I was a child , I would visit my grandparents every weekend .
On Sundays , when I was a child , we would all get up early & go fishing .
Insert rather into the pattern & use this expression to express preferences
Example :
Justin : What would you rather do in the weekend , go to the party / stay home ?
Eminem : I would rather go to the party than stay home .
Angel : Which country would you rather visit ?
Maria : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia
To express polite requests
Example :
Andi : Would you mind cycling with me , Kala ?
Kala : No , not at all . It would be nice .
Mikola : Would you please pass the helmet , Bella ?
Bella : No problem .
3 . Should + Verb base
To give definite advice ( advisability )
Example :
Bunda : Putri , you should study tonight . You will have English test tomorrow , won ’ t you ?
Putri : I will , Bunda .
Debby : You should paint your door , Bobby . It looks terrible .
Bobby : Yes , I know I should .
To express the subject ’ s obligation / duty :
Example :
You should practice for more than an hour . ( to musical friend )
They shouldn ’ t allow parking here ; the street is too narrow .
Application should be sent before March 25 th .
4 . Might + Verb base
to tell possibilities
Example :
David : Where is Deddy ?
Copperfield : He might be in the studio with Kalina .
To express polite requests
Example :
Tian : Might I borrow your coat ?
Ringgo : I ’ m afraid not . It has been brought by Donny for weeks & I don ’ t know when he ’ ll return it .
Preposition In , On , & At
Prepositions Of Time : at , in , on .
We use :
• At for a precise time .
• In for months , years , centuries & long periods .
• On for days & dates .
Look At These Examples :
• In for months , years , centuries & long periods .
• On for days & dates .
Look At These Examples :
At In On .
Precise Time Months , Years , Centuries & Long Periods Days & Dates .
At 3 o ' clock In May on Sunday .
At 10 . 30 am in summer on Tuesdays .
At noon in the summer on 6 March .
At dinner time in 1990 on 25 Dec . 2010 .
At bed time in the 1990 s on Christmas Day .
At sunrise in the next century on Independence Day .
At sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday .
At the moment in the past / future on New Year ' s Eve .
At 10 . 30 am in summer on Tuesdays .
At noon in the summer on 6 March .
At dinner time in 1990 on 25 Dec . 2010 .
At bed time in the 1990 s on Christmas Day .
At sunrise in the next century on Independence Day .
At sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday .
At the moment in the past / future on New Year ' s Eve .
• I have a meeting at 9am .
• The shop closes at midnight .
• Jane went home at lunchtime .
• In
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future ?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century .
• Do you work on Mondays ?
• Her birthday is on 20 November .
• Where will you be on New Year ' s Day ?
Notice The Use Of The Preposition Of Time At In The Following Standard Expressions :
Expression Example :
At night .
The stars shine at night .
At the weekend .
I don ' t usually work at the weekend .
At Christmas / Easter .
I stay with my family at Christmas .
At the same time .
We finished the test at the same time .
At present .
He ' s not home at present .
Try later .
Notice The Use Of The Prepositions Of Time In & On In These Common Expressions :
In On .
In the morning On Tuesday morning .
In the mornings On Saturday mornings .
In the afternoon ( s ) On Sunday afternoons .
In the evening ( s ) On Monday evening .
When we say last , next , every , this we do not also use at , in , on .
• I went to London
• He ' s coming back next Tuesday . ( Not on next Tuesday )
• I go home every Easter . ( Not at every Easter )
• We ' ll call you this evening . ( Not in this evening )
• He ' s coming back next Tuesday . ( Not on next Tuesday )
• I go home every Easter . ( Not at every Easter )
• We ' ll call you this evening . ( Not in this evening )
Vocabulary Around The House
Other Rooms
Attic
People store things in the attic .
Ballroom
A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held .
Box Room
A small room used for storage .
Cellar
Underneath the house .
Cloakroom
A small room where people put their coats .
Conservatory
A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants .
Dining Room
A room where people eat .
Drawing Room
A room in stately homes where rich people entertain .
Games Room
A room in large houses where games are played .
Hall
The entrance passage to a house .
Larder
A small room used for the storage of food .
Library
A room where books are kept .
Lounge
Another name for living room .
Music Room
A room where people play music .
Office
A room where people work .
Pantry
A small room used to store kitchen and dining items .
Parlour
Old fashioned word for living room .
Sitting Room
Another name for living room .
Spare Room / Guest Room
A room where guests sleep .
Toilet
A room where people go to the toilet ( often known as WC ) .
Utility Room
A room where appliances such as washing machines are used .
Things you may find around the house .
Things you may find around the house .
Finite Verb
A verb that is inflected for person & for tense according to the rules & categories of the languages in which it occurs .
Every grammatically correct sentence / clause must contain a finite verb ; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases .
Some interjections can play the same role . Even in English , a sentence like Thanks for your help ! has an interjection where it could have a Error ! Hyperlink reference not valid . & a finite verb form ( compare I appreciate your help ! ) .
In English , as in most related languages , only verbs in certain moods are finite . These include :
The indicative mood ( expressing a state of affairs ) ; e . g . , " The bulldozer demolished the restaurant , " " The leaves were yellow & stiff . "
The imperative mood ( giving a command ) .
The subjunctive mood ( expressing something that might / might not be the state of affairs , depending on some other part of the sentence ) ; nearly extinct in English .
A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence , act , / mode of being . Finite verbs , sometimes called main verbs , are limited by time ( see tense ) , person , & number .
The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences :
The bear caught a salmon in the stream .
Who ate the pie ?
Stop !
A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle , infinitive , / gerund - is not limited by by time ( see tense ) , person , & number .
Verb forms that are not finite include :
The infinitive
participles ( e . g . , " The broken window . . . " , " The wheezing gentleman . . . " )
gerunds & gerundives
In linguistics , a non - finite verb ( / a verbal ) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject ; & more generally , it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language , such as tense , aspect , mood , number , gender , & person . As a result , a non - finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause ; rather , it heads a non - finite clause .
By some accounts , a non - finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb & as another part of speech ; it can take adverbs & certain kinds of verb arguments , producing a verbal phrase ( I . e . , non - finite clause ) , & this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun , adjective , / adverb — in a greater clause . This is the reason for the term verbal ; non - finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns , verbal adjectives , / verbal adverbs .
English has 3 kinds of verbals :
Which function as adjectives
Which function as nouns
Infinitives
Which have noun – like , adjective – like , & adverb - like functions .
Each of these is also used in various common constructs ; for example , the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect ( to have done ) .
Other kinds of verbals , such as supines & gerundives , exist in other languages .
Example :
The finite verbs are the underlined words .
The Crow & the Fox
1 day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese . She picks it up , flaps her wings , & flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it .
… … … … … .
Source : International story
Offering
The expression of “ Would you like . . . ” is normally used for offering something to someone .
Bella : Would you like a cup of tea , Mr , Owyedz ?
Mrs . Dina : Yes , please . Thank you . Hmmm . . . this tea tastes good . . . &
Mrs . Dina : Yes , please . Thank you . Hmmm . . . this tea tastes good . . . &
smells fragrant too . . .
Bella : Thank you . I ’ m glad you like it .
Ways To Say It :
Bella : Thank you . I ’ m glad you like it .
Ways To Say It :
• Would you like a cup of coffee , Mr Deriven ?
• Should I get you a bottle of water ?
• Could I offer you a glass of milk , Mr . Jaka ?
• Would you care some salad ?
• Should I get you a bottle of water ?
• Could I offer you a glass of milk , Mr . Jaka ?
• Would you care some salad ?
Ofering To Friends :
• Want some ?
• Have some ?
• Chocolate ?
• Grab some for yourself .
• Have some ?
• Chocolate ?
• Grab some for yourself .
Less Formal Expressions :
• Would you like to have a pancake ?
• Why don ' t you have some lemonade ?
• What can I get for you ?
• What will you have ?
• Why don ' t you have some lemonade ?
• What can I get for you ?
• What will you have ?
Declining An Offering :
• No , thanks .
• No , really won ' t , thanks .
• Not for me , thanks .
• No , really won ' t , thanks .
• Not for me , thanks .
Accepting An Offering :
• Thank you .
• Yes , please .
• I ' d like it very much .
• That would be very nice .
• Yes , please .
• I ' d like it very much .
• That would be very nice .
Descriptive Text .
To describe the characteristics of particular person , thing , / place .
Text Structure :
Identification
Identifies thing , person , place , phenomenon to be described .
Description
Gives the information of particular thing , person , / place being discussed / describes parts , qualities , / characteristics .
Grammatical Features :
Who ? What ?
Using Linking verb & Simple Present Tense
Epithet : adjective / adjective phrase
Attributive ( the )
Use of attributive & identifying process
Focus on specific participants
Frequent use of epithets & classifier in nominal groups
Example of Descriptive Text :
Identification
My Pets
We have 3 family pets : a dog , a cat , & a tortoise .
Descriptions
The dog ’ s name is Benjamin . He is big golden Labrador . He is beautiful . He has big brown eyes & a long tail . He is very friendly dog , but he is sometimes a little stupid . Dogs are expensive to keep but they are fun to play with .
Our cat is named Martha . She is quite young , but she is not a kitten . She is very pretty . She has black & white fur & green eyes . She ’ s smart , too & very clean .
The tortoise ’ s name is Rocky . He has short , fat legs , a long neck , & a very hard shell . He is also very old & slow . He ’ s ugly & dirty , but I like him .
Noun phrase
Either a single noun / pronoun / any group of words containing a noun / a pronoun that function together as a noun / pronoun , as the subject / object of a verb .
For example , ‘ they ’ , ‘ books ’ , & ‘ the books ’ are noun phrases , but ‘ book ’ is just a noun , as you can see in these sentences ( in which the noun phrases are all in bold )
Example 1 :
Shaggy : Do you like books ?
Bean : Yes , I like them .
Shaggy : Do you like books over there ?
Bean : Yes , they are nice .
Shaggy : Do you like the book I brought yesterday ?
Bean : Yes , I like it . ( Note : ‘ It ’ refers to ‘ the book ’ , not ‘ book ’ )
Example 2 :
Nicko was late .
( ‘ Nicko ’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb . )
Some noun phrases are short : The students
Some are long : The very tall education consultant
Structures of noun phrases :
A beautiful old painting on the wall
The structure of this noun phrase contains 3 sections :
Pre – modifier | Head noun | Post – modifier |
A beautiful old | Painting | on the wall |
A beautiful old | Painting | - |
- | Painting | on the wall |
This is the table of the adjectives that are combined with the nouns :
Determiner | Opinion adjectives | Descriptive adjectives | Nouns | ||||||
General | Specific | Size | Shape | Age | Colour | Nationality | Material | ||
A | Lovely | Comfortable | Big | - | - | - | - | Wooden | Chair |
The | Cheap | - | - | - | New | Black | German | - | Car |
Large | Round | - | - | - | Metal | Table |
When you use a noun in front of another noun , you never put adjectives between them . You put adjectives in front of the first noun .
Example : We just spoke with a young American boy .
Noun phrase can be in form of gerund ( Vbase + ing ) / gerund & other nouns compounding .
Example : passing the exam watching TV
preparing the equipment sliding down a rope
going to school diving board
Mengenai Saya
- Primbon Bella
- Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
- Hi . . . My name is Bella Ayu Fitria . You can call me Bella . I was born in Palangka Raya , septemberth , 27 th , 1995 . Possible , just that which I can submit . Thank you for your visit !
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List of English lesson12 tahun yang lalu
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Vocabulary Around The House Other Rooms Attic People store things in the attic . Ballroom A room in stately homes where rich peop...
Descriptive Text . To describe the characteristics of particular person , thing , / place . Text Structure : Identification Ide...
What do you think , mention what a sentence that express a command for perform something . A sentence like that usually mention giving instr...
Narrative Text Snow Maiden Once upon a time there lived a couple in a village . They had got married for a long time , but so far...
Invitation . To invite some 1 I would like you to . . . We would be pleased if you could . . . Would you like to . . . ? Shall we . . ...
Noun phrase Either a single noun / pronoun / any group of words containing a noun / a pronoun that function together as a noun / pronou...
