Direct & Indirect Speeches

Diposting oleh Primbon Bella
Rabu, 02 Februari 2011



Direct & Indirect Speeches

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person ’ s exact words /  saying exactly what some 1 has said ( sometimes called quoted speech ) .

We use quotation marks ( “ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ” ) & it should be word for word .

For example :

Nicky said , “ It ’ s hot ” .

/

“ It ’ s hot , ” Nicky said .

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person ’ s words that doesn ’ t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said & it doesn ’ t have to be word for word .

Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech .

The tense usually changes when reporting speech . This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past .

The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too .


Note : The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are :
Tell , order , command , ask , warn , remind


Don ’ t forget to mention the indirect object .
Father warned me not to drive fast .


For example :

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple Past simple
Vita said , “ I eat fried rice ” . Vita said that she ate fried rice .

Past simple Past Perfect
Mother said , “ I went to market yesterday ” . Mother said ( that ) she had gone to market the day before .

Future simple Past Future
Lea said , “ I am going to wash my clothes ” . Lea said ( that ) she was going to wash her clothes .
Dave said , “ I will buy an I - Pod next week ” . Dave said ( that ) he would buy an I - Pod the week after .

Present continuous Past continuous
Gama said , “ I am playing football ” . Gama said he was playing football .

Past continuous Past perfect continuous
She said , “ I was teaching earlier . ” She said she had been teaching earlier .

          When we want to report what someone said , we do not usually repeat their exact words , we use our words . We can use reporting verbs , such as tell , say , ask followed by ‘ that – clause ’ .
Example : My mother said that she got up at 4 o ’ clock .

       When reporting verbs is in the Present , Present Perfect , / Future , there is no change of tense in the words reported .
Example : She will tell you

She says ( that ) she doesn ’ t know .
She has just said
In time expressions & pronouns


Direct speech

Indirect speech

Now
Today / tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Last week
Next week
Ago

Then
That day / that night
The day before / the previous day
The next / following day
The previous week
The following week / the week after
Before

This / these
Here
Pronouns

That / those
There
They change according to the context

Sometimes we need to report someone ’ s questions . The reported question are introduced with the verb ask , inquire , wonder , want to know , etc .


Type

Form
Examples

Yes - No questions

Ask + if / whether + subject + verb
Wonder etc .
“ Do you speak English ? ”
- He wondered if I spoke English .

Wh-questions


Ask + question word + subject + verb
Wonder etc .


“ What are you watching ? ”
- She asked what I am watching .

edit post

Posting Komentar

Blogger Template New Plus Blue

Designed by : Edo Pranata XML Coded by : Edo Pranata